The recent completion of the human gene map within the scope
of the Human Genome Project is an important scientific improvement.
However, some results of this project are being distorted in some evolutionist
publications. It is claimed that the genes of chimpanzees are 98% similar
to human genes, and this is presented as evidence for the claim that apes are
close to humans, and therefore logical ancestors of humans, as claimed by
Darwin’s theory of evolution. The argument is misleading.
The claim of 98% similarity is deceptive. To claim
that the genetic make-up of man and chimpanzee bear 98% similarity to each
other, the genome of the chimpanzee also has to be mapped just as that of man
and the two have to be compared. No such completed research for the
chimpanzee has been done yet.
This claimed similarity is an exaggerated generalization
grounded in the similarity in the amino acid sequences of some 30-40 basic
proteins present in man and chimpanzee. A sequence analysis has been made
with a method named “DNA hybridization” on the DNA sequences that are
correlated with these proteins and only those limited number of proteins have
been compared. However there are about hundred thousand genes, and therefore
100,000 proteins coded by these genes in humans. The claim that all the
genes of man and ape are 98% similar is based on the similarity in 40 out of
100,000 proteins!
Moreover, the above mentioned basic proteins are common
vital molecules present in various other living beings. The structures of
the same kinds of proteins present not only in chimpanzees, but also in
completely different living beings, are very similar to that in humans.
For example, the genetic analyses published in New Scientist
have revealed a 75% similarity between the DNA’s of nematode worms and
man. (New Scientist, 15 May 1999, p.27) This definitely does not mean
that there is only a 25% difference between man and these worms!
Furthermore, the analyses done on some proteins have shown
man as close to some very different living beings. In a survey carried
out by the researchers at Cambridge
University
Another example used by evolutionists on “the genetic
similarity between man and ape”, is the presence of 48 chromosomes in
chimpanzees and gorillas and 46 chromosomes in man. Evolutionists regard
the closeness of the number of chromosomes as indication of an evolutionary
relationship. However, if this logic were true, then man should have an
even closer relative than the chimpanzee: the potato! The number of
chromosomes in a potato is exactly equal to the number of chromosomes in a
human: 46.
These examples show that genetic similarity does not
constitute evidence for the theory of evolution. This is because the
genetic similarities are not in line with the alleged evolution schemes and, on
the contrary, they yield largely inconsistent results.
Not surprisingly, when the issue is evaluated as a whole, it
is seen that the subject of “bio-chemical similarities” does not constitute
evidence for evolution, but, on the contrary, leaves the theory in the
lurch. Dr. Christian Schwabe, a biochemistry researcher from the Medical
Faculty of South Carolina University, is an evolutionist scientist who has
spent years trying to find evidence for evolution in the molecular
domain. He particularly did research on insulin and relaxin-type proteins
and tried to establish evolutionary relationships between living beings.
However, he had to confess many a time that he could not find any evidence for evolution
at any point in his studies. He said:
“Molecular evolution is about to be accepted as a method
superior to paleontology for the discovery of evolutionary relationships.
As a molecular evolutionist I should be elated. Instead, it seems
disconcerting that many exceptions exist to the orderly progression of species
as determined by molecular homologies; so many, in fact, that I think the
exception, the quirks, may carry the more important message” (Christian Schwabe,
“On the Validity of Molecular Evolution”, Trends in Biochemical Sciences.
V.11, July 1986)
Based on the recent findings obtained in the field of
molecular biology, the renowned biochemist Prof. Michael Denton made the
following comments:
“Each class at molecular level is unique, isolated and
unlinked by intermediates. Thus, molecules, like fossils, have failed to
provide the elusive intermediates so long sought by evolutionary biology… At a
molecular level, no organism is “ancestral” or “primitive” or “advanced”
compared with its relatives… There is little doubt that if this molecular
evidence had been available a century ago… the idea of organic evolution might
never have been accepted.” (Michael Denton, Evolution; “A Theory in Crisis”,
London; Burnett Books 1985 pp.290-291)
It is surely natural for the human body to bear some
molecular similarities to other living beings because they are all made up of
the same molecules; they all use the same water and atmosphere; and they all
consume foods consisting of the same molecules. Certainly, their
metabolisms, and therefore genetic make-up, would resemble one another.
This, however, is not evidence that they evolved from a common ancestor.
This “common material” is not the result of evolution but of
“common design”; that is, being created upon the same plan.
It is possible to explain this subject with an
example. The majority of buildings are constructed with similar
materials (brick, iron, cement, etc.). This, however, does not mean that
these buildings “evolved” from each other. They are constructed
separately by using common materials. The same is true of living beings
as well.
Darwinists are distorting the results of the Human Genome
Project. Life did not originate as a result of unconscious coincidences
as evolution claims, but as the result of the creation of God, the Almighty,
the Owner of infinite knowledge and wisdom.
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