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Furthermore, in the Talmud[1]—and some non-Muslim scholars, such as
Rodinson, claimed that the Quranic material came from the Talmud—it
states that there was a dispute between God and the Jewish
scholars. After a lengthy debate with no resolution, they decided to
refer the matter to one of the rabbis. After the rabbi’s decision, God
was forced to admit that He was mistaken.[2] Thus, God, according to
them, is not even perfect with respect to His knowledge.
The Christian conception of God and God having a son is, of
course, completely blasphemous from an Islamic perspective. I often
wondered how there could have been a semi-human son of God or how Jesus in
particular could be the son of God. As Jesus is pictured in the New
Testament, besides performing some miracles that earlier prophets performed,
there is nothing special about him. He lived like a human being, eating
and drinking. He suffered like a human and even prayed out to God.
The Romans and Jews[3] defeated God’s supposed son and
he could not save himself, even crying out to his father. Beyond that,
there are also of the difficult questions encountered by Christians: was he
partially divine and partially human, was he completely divine, he was
completely human, was he divine since birth, was he divine at a time and then
that divinity left him and so on. In the Islamic conception of God, there
is nothing of this nature whatsoever. In fact, the Quran even denies the
crucifixion—surely if the Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God
be upon him, were simply copying from the Bible, he would have included that
story.
In the Quran, on the other hand, God is depicted in such a
way that one realizes that He is deserving of worship. One feels
gratitude to Him and hope in Him. God truly becomes beloved to the
individual as He understands more about Him via the Quran. Some passages
in the Quran describing God are noteworthy:
“God is He, other than Whom there is no other god; Who knows
(all things) both secret and open; He, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. God
is He, other than Whom there is no other god; the Sovereign, the Holy One, the
Source of Peace (and Perfection), the Guardian of Faith, the Preserver of Safety,
the Exalted in Might, the Irresistible, the Supreme: Glory to God! (High is He)
above the partners they attribute to Him. He is God, the Creator, the
Evolver, the Bestower of Forms. To Him belong the Most Beautiful Names:
whatever is in the heavens and on earth, doth declare His Praises and Glory;
and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.” (Quran 59:22-24)
“God! None has the right to be worshipped but He, the
Ever Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists. Neither
slumber nor sleep overtakes Him. To Him belongs whatever is in the
heavens and whatever is on earth. Who is he that can intercede with Him
except with His Permission? He knows what happens to them (His creatures) in
this world, and what will happen to them in the Hereafter. And they will
never compass anything of His Knowledge except that which He wills. His
Footstool extends over the heavens and the earth, and He feels no fatigue in
guarding and preserving them. And He is the Most High, the Most Great”
(Quran 2:255).
“Say [to them, O Muhammad], ‘He is God, (the) One.
God, The Self-Sufficient Master, Whom all creatures need. He begets not,
nor was He begotten; And there is none co-equal or comparable unto Him” (Quran
112:1-4).
By the way, even when describing the Prophets, many
important, yet rather despicable, stories that are prominent in the Bible have
been completely ignored in the Quran. For example, Exodus 32:1-6 has the
story of Aaron, the brother of Moses and one of the religious leaders of the
tribe of Israel, making a golden calf as an idol for worship.[4] In 2 Samuel, chapter 11, verses
1-17, the leader of the Jewish people David, whom the Muslims consider a
prophet, is shamelessly pictured as committing adultery, doing his best to
conceal it and then doing his best to have the woman’s husband killed.[5] Solomon is also accused of
committing idolatry simply out of love for his many wives.[6]
In addition, the Bible also claims the following: Jacob
committed deceitful tricks towards his father Isaac. The drunken
Prophet Lot committed incest with his daughters. Judas committed
incest with his daughter in law. Pharez and Zarah who were the
result of that incest are honored as the great grandfathers and great
grandmothers of Jesus. Jesus is reported to have rebuffed his own
mother when he said, “Woman, what have I to do with thee?”[7]
All of these stories are not found in the Quran and a Muslim
does not believe such ignoble accusations concerning the noble prophets
selected by God to guide humanity.
Footnotes:
[1] The
Talmud is, “An authoritative, influential compilation of rabbinic traditions
and discussions about Jewish life and law.” Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs
and Religions (Edinburgh: Larousse, 1995), p. 513.
[2] Cf.,
Anas Karzoon, Manhaj al-Islaam fi Tazkiyah al-Nafs (Jeddah: Daar Noor
al-Maktabaat, 1997), vol. 1, p. 97.
[3] So
that this author may not somehow perversely be accused of anti-Semitism, the
following quote should be noted. Israel Shahak writes, “According to the
Talmud, Jesus was executed by a proper rabbinical court for idolatry, inciting
other Jews to idolatry and contempt of rabbinical authority. All classical
Jewish sources which mention his execution are quite happy to take
responsibility for it: in the Talmudic account the Romans are not even
mentioned.” Israel
Shahak, Jewish History, Jewish Religion: The Weight of Three Thousand
Years (London: Pluto Press, 1997), pp. 97-98. He also wrote (pp. 20-21)
about Jesus’ fate, “the Talmud states that his punishment in hell is to be
immersed in boiling excrement.”
[4] The King
James Version reads: 1 And when the people saw that Moses delayed to
come down out of the mount, the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron,
and said unto him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this
Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is
become of him. 2 And Aaron said unto them, Break off the golden earrings, which
are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring
them unto me. 3 And all the people brake off the golden earrings which were in
their ears, and brought them unto Aaron. 4 And he received them at their hand,
and fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and
they said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt
[5] The New
International Version reads: 1 In the spring, at the time when kings
go off to war, David sent Joab out with the king's men and the whole Israelite
army. They destroyed the Ammonites and besieged Rabbah. But David remained in Jerusalem . 2 One evening
David got up from his bed and walked around on the roof of the palace. From the
roof he saw a woman bathing. The woman was very beautiful, 3 and David sent
someone to find out about her. The man said, "Isn't this Bathsheba, the
daughter of Eliam and the wife of Uriah the Hittite?" 4 Then David sent
messengers to get her. She came to him, and he slept with her. (She had
purified herself from her uncleanness.) Then she went back home. 5 The woman
conceived and sent word to David, saying, "I am pregnant." 6 So David
sent this word to Joab: "Send me Uriah the Hittite." And Joab sent
him to David. 7 When Uriah came to him, David asked him how Joab was, how the
soldiers were and how the war was going. 8 Then David said to Uriah, "Go
down to your house and wash your feet." So Uriah left the palace, and a
gift from the king was sent after him. 9 But Uriah slept at the entrance to the
palace with all his master's servants and did not go down to his house. 10 When
David was told, "Uriah did not go home," he asked him, "Haven't
you just come from a distance? Why didn't you go home?" 11 Uriah said to
David, "The ark and Israel
and Judah
are staying in tents, and my master Joab and my lord's men are camped in the
open fields. How could I go to my house to eat and drink and lie with my wife?
As surely as you live, I will not do such a thing!" 12 Then David said to
him, "Stay here one more day, and tomorrow I will send you back." So
Uriah remained in Jerusalem
that day and the next. 13 At David's invitation, he ate and drank with him, and
David made him drunk. But in the evening Uriah went out to sleep on his mat
among his master's servants; he did not go home. 14 In the morning David wrote
a letter to Joab and sent it with Uriah. 15 In it he wrote, "Put Uriah in
the front line where the fighting is fiercest. Then withdraw from him so he
will be struck down and die." 16 So while Joab had the city under siege,
he put Uriah at a place where he knew the strongest defenders were. 17 When the
men of the city came out and fought against Joab, some of the men in David's
army fell; moreover, Uriah the Hittite died.
[6] I
Kings, chapter 11, verses 1-10 of the New International Version reads: 1
King Solomon, however, loved many foreign women besides Pharaoh's daughter--
Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Sidonians and Hittites. 2 They were from nations
about which the LORD had told the Israelites, "You must not intermarry
with them, because they will surely turn your hearts after their gods."
Nevertheless, Solomon held fast to them in love. 3 He had seven hundred wives
of royal birth and three hundred concubines, and his wives led him astray. 4 As
Solomon grew old, his wives turned his heart after other gods, and his heart
was not fully devoted to the LORD his God, as the heart of David his father had
been. 5 He followed Ashtoreth the goddess of the Sidonians, and Molech the
detestable god of the Ammonites. 6 So Solomon did evil in the eyes of the LORD;
he did not follow the LORD completely, as David his father had done. 7 On a
hill east of Jerusalem , Solomon built a high
place for Chemosh the detestable god of Moab , and for Molech the detestable
god of the Ammonites. 8 He did the same for all his foreign wives, who burned
incense and offered sacrifices to their gods. 9 The LORD became angry with
Solomon because his heart had turned away from the LORD, the God of Israel, who
had appeared to him twice. 10 Although he had forbidden Solomon to follow other
gods, Solomon did not keep the LORD's command.
[7] For
the accounts of these accusations, see, respectively, Genesis 27:16, Genesis
19:30-38, Mathew 1:3 and John 2:4.
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