_001.jpg)
The Linguistic Miracle of the Quran
There is another important aspect that Muslim scholars have
traditionally considered the greatest miraculous aspect of the Quran, this is
the linguistic miracle. Unfortunately, though, before becoming a Muslim
(and even afterwards), I had no way to truly appreciate this topic. I
could only read what some scholars had written about the language and beauty of
the Quran. For example, John Naish wrote:
The Quran in its original Arabic dress has a seductive
beauty and charm of its own. Couched in concise and exalted style, its
brief pregnant sentences, often rhymed, poses an expressive force and explosive
energy which is extremely difficult to convey by literal word for word
translation.[1]
Similarly, Arberry yearned for his earlier days when he
would hear the Quran being recited during Ramadhan in Egypt .[2] I actually had no access
to hearing the Quran being recited and therefore did not know what a moving
experience it is. Furthermore, without knowledge of the Arabic language,
the impression of the English translations could not possibly be like that of
the original Arabic. However, I must discuss this miraculous here,
however briefly, because it is truly one of the most amazing aspects of the
Quran.
Again, traditionally, Muslim scholars have considered the
linguistic miracle of the Quran as perhaps the most important miraculous aspect
of the Quran—and it is definitely the one that had the most influence at the
time of the Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon
him. The Arabs were very proud of their language. The very word
that they used for foreigner, ajami, basically meant one who is barbarous
in speech or lacking clarity in his speech.[3] However, even they were no match
for the Quran. Before the Quran, they used to have fairs and competition
to see which of them could produce the most beautiful work in Arabic.
However, according to Draz:
But when the Quran was revealed all such fairs came to an
end, and literary gatherings were defunct. From now on, the Quran was the
only work to command people's attention. None of them could challenge
or compete with it, or even suggest that a single word be changed,
moved, added or omitted from the sentence where it occurs. Yet the
Quran did not close the door to competition. Indeed, it left it wide
open, calling on them, individually and collectively, to take up its
challenge and produce anything similar to it. It repeated the
challenge in different forms, berating their inability to do so, and
reducing the task for them time after time.[4]
Arabic scholars have identified many linguistic aspects that
distinguish the Quran from all other works and sets it apart as a
miracle. Herein, only a few shall be mentioned briefly[5]:
(1) Each word that is used in its precise place and
cannot be moved or exchanged for a close synonym without its beauty or meaning
being loss.
(2) The Quran has a unique sentence structure and rhythm
that sets it apart from both prose and poetry, sometimes resembling one more
than the other but never being completely one or the other.
(3) The sentences use the smallest number of words
without losing any necessary meaning. In other words, they are concise,
which adds to their beauty, while at the same time they convey all that needs
to be conveyed.
(4) There is a perfect balance as well as a
consistency in style between emotional and intellectual passages of the
Quran. Draz noted that this beauty can only truly be found in the Quran:
Two forces are always active within a human being: the
intellectual and the emotional. They have different roles and
directions. The first aims to know the truth, and to identify what
is good and beneficial so as to adopt it. The other records its feelings
of pain and pleasure. A perfect style is that which satisfies both needs
at the same time, giving you intellectual satisfaction and emotional
pleasure…Do we find such perfection in human style? We have seen the
writings of scientists and philosophers, and works of poets and fine prose [yet
they cannot meet this goal]…[6]
The Challenge of the Quran Itself
Scholars have noted many other miraculous aspects of the
Quran, such as its perfect consistency and freedom from contradiction even
though it was revealed over a span of twenty-three years[7], the effect the Quran has on the
individuals who listen to it[8] and so. However,
what we have discussed here is definitely sufficient for our purposes, as I
have covered the issues that most influenced me on my path to Islam.
Furthermore, I believe that what has already been discussed is sufficient to
demonstrate that the Quran is indeed miraculous.
According to Muslims, the Quran is the speech and word of
God. Therefore, it is not surprising that it is inimitable.
However, God has willed to make this point very clear to all of humankind,
leaving them no room to argue, doubt or excuse themselves. In the Quran,
God challenges humankind to produce anything similar to the Quran. In
fact, the challenge from God goes even further than that: There is a challenge
to produce even one chapter like the chapters of the Quran.
This challenge is still open to humankind today.
Anyone is free to attempt to rebuke the Quran by producing something similar to
even a portion of the Quran. In reality, though, God even makes it clear
that all of humankind will never be able to produce anything comparable to the
Quran—anything amazing prophecy of the Quran.
The challenge from God occurs in five different places in the
Quran. Here are the relevant verses in the order that they were revealed
by God:
“And if you (Arab pagans, Jews, and Christians) are in doubt
concerning that which We have sent down (i.e. the Quran) to Our servant
(Muhammad), then produce a chapter the like thereof and call your witnesses
(supporters and helpers) besides God, if you are truthful. But if you do
it not, and you can never do it, then fear the Fire (Hell) whose fuel is
men and stones, prepared for the disbelievers.” (Quran 2:23-24, emphasis added)
“Or do they say, ‘He (Muhammad) has forged it?’ Say,
‘Bring then a chapter like unto it, and call upon whomsoever you can, besides
God, if you are truthful!’” (Quran 10:38)
“Or do they say, ‘He (Muhammad) forged it.’ Say,
‘Bring you then ten forged chapters like unto it, and call whomsoever you can,
other than God (to your help), if you speak the truth.’” (Quran 11:13)
“Say (to the people), ‘If all of humankind and jinns were
together to produce the like of this Quran, they could not produce the like
thereof, even if they helped one another.’” (Quran 17:88)
“Or do they say, ‘He (Muhammad) has forged it?’ Nay!
They believe not! Let them then produce a recital like unto it if
they are truthful.” (Quran 52:33-34)
In sum, if anyone still has any doubt about the Quran, let
him rise to this challenge.
A Very Important Statement of the Prophet and My Decision
It was not an afterthought that this Quran is
miraculous. It was not that scholars after the time of the Prophet looked
at it and declared that it was a miracle. No, indeed, this Book was meant
to be the miracle of the Prophet Muhammad and his greatest sign. The
disbelievers at the time of the Prophet were seeking some other kind of
miracle—perhaps more tangible or requiring less thought—but God made it clear
that this Quran should be sufficient as a sign testifying to the veracity of
the Prophet. God says:
“And they say, ‘Why are not signs sent down to him from his
Lord?’ Say, ‘The signs are only with God, and I am only a plain warner.’
Is it not sufficient for them that We have sent down to you the Book
which is recited to them? Verily, herein is mercy and a reminder for a
people who believe.” (Quran 29:50-51)
Indeed, this Book should be sufficient for any sincere,
truth-seeking individual. There is no need for any other signs or
miracles after this Book. This is the gist of what God has said in this
passage and this is what my heart and mind concluded as I studied the Quran in
the face of all the writers who claimed that it was not a revelation from God.
The Prophet also made a very important statement concerning
this sign and miracle that God had given him. Since he was the final
prophet, the nature of his sign and miracle had to be different from all that
preceded him. It had to be a miracle that could have a lasting affect
until the Day of Judgment. Indeed, it is. Even more so, it is a
very different type of miracle. It is one upon which humans can reflect
and be completely convinced of its truth. Thus, the Prophet said, “There
has been no prophet except that God gave him miracles due to which people
believed in him. I have been given (as my miracle) the revelation which
God revealed to me. I hope, thereby, that I will have the largest number
of followers on the Day of Judgment.” (Recorded by Al-Bukhari.)
Given the nature of the sign that the Prophet has received, there is no
excuse for people of other times not to follow the Prophet. Hence, he
will, God willing, have the greatest number of followers on the Day of
Judgment.
The Quran demanded a decision on my part—as it actually
demands a decision on everybody’s part. The signs pointing to its
miraculous nature and that it must be a true revelation from God were simply
overwhelming to me. None of the theories opposing the Quran or denying
the sincerity of the Prophet were strong enough or logical enough to convince
me otherwise. Hence, I, via the Quran, embraced Islam and all praise and
thanks are due to God.
Footnotes:
[1] John
Naish, The Wisdom of the Quran (Oxford ,
1937), p. viii. Quoted in Islam—The First and Final Religion, pp.
87.
[2] See
his feelings expressed in A. J. Arberry, The Koran Interpreted (New
York: MacMillan Publishing Co., 1955), p. 28.
[3] E.
W. Lane, Arabic-English Lexicon (Cambridge, England: The Islamic
Texts Society, 1984), vol. 2, pp. 1966-1967.
[4] Muhammad
Abdullah Draz, The Quran: An Eternal Challenge (Markfield , United Kingdom
[5] For
more details, one can consult Draz, passim.
[6] Draz.,
p. 97.
[7] God
says in the Quran, “Do they not then consider the Quran carefully? Had it been
from other than God, they would surely have found therein much contradictions”
(al-Nisaa 4:82).
[8] Be
they believers or unbelievers, the Quran is bound to affect them. For
example, concerning the believers, God says, “God has sent down the best
statement, a Book (this Quran), its parts resembling each other in goodness and
truth, oft-repeated. The skins of those who fear their Lord shiver from
it (when they recite it or hear it). Then their skin and their heart
soften to the remembrance of God. That is the guidance of God. He
Guides therewith whom He pleases and whomever God sends astray, for him there
is no guide” (al-Zumar39:23). On the other hand, concerning the
disbelievers, God says, “And surely, We have explained [Our Promises, Warnings
and (set forth many) examples] in this Quran that they (the disbelievers) may
take heed, but it increases them in naught save aversion” (al-Israa 17:41).
No comments:
Post a Comment